Name: Yuzhu Gong Due Date: 2015/10/03
Article Title: Life in the Ocean
Author/Source: Scientific American
Article Title: Life in the Ocean
Author/Source: Scientific American
A: List major ideas, concepts or key points - point by point
- The surface of the earth is covered by 71 percent of the ocean.
- Water absorbs light differently than air does. Shorter wavelengths, such as those of the blues and greens, penetrate more deeply than the longer wavelengths of the reds and yellows do.
- The interior of the ocean is largely inaccessible.
- The marine animals display a greater diversity of body types than land animals.
- Seawater is approximately 800 times as dense as air and is much more viscous.
- There is no photosynthesis at a few hundred meters deep in the ocean.
- The midwater and deep-sea communities must depend on the photosynthesizers that reside in the sunlight-filled surface waters.
- Phytoplankton are seasonal and vary according to region.
- The ocean does not contain much plant life, because concentrations of critical nutrients are lower than they are on land.
- Global distribution of nutrients strongly depends on the temperature.
- In the cold and heavy holds more nutrients than the surface water because there is no photosynthesis so only few organisms can have it.
- The ocean is often most oxygen depleted at intermediate depths.
- Oxygen minimum zone occurs between 500 and 1,00 meters below the surface.
- The diversity of species in the deep sea is high but the density is low.
- Most deep sea species are small due to the pressure.
- The coral reefs, sea-grass beds, kelp forest and so on are the ones people have damaged most severely.
- Environment constitute less than 1 percent of the ocean floor.
- Human actions are further profoundly affected many coral ecosystems.
- Marine ecosystems have been left out of human life because it they are always out of sight.
B: Summarize the author's main point or idea
Marine ecosystems play a vital role on the earth, the surface of the earth is covered by 71 percent of the ocean. The interior of the ocean is largely inaccessible, thus only 10 percent of the ocean is explored and studied due to the diffuculty of getting to the bottom safely. Surprisinly, the marine animals display a greater diversity of body types than land animals, the diversity of species in the deep sea is high but density is low. It is all because there is no photosynthesis at a few hundred meters deep in the ocean, hence, the midwater and deep-sea communities must depend on the photosynthesizer that reside in the sunlight-filled surface waters. The deeper water it gets, the more nutrients it will have because it has not been revealed to these photosynthetic organisms that create oxygen from it. The ocean is often most oxygen depleted at intermediate depths. Phytoplankton in the ocean creates approximately half of the atmospheric oxygen that shows even the smallest organisms are still important.
Marine ecosystems play a vital role on the earth, the surface of the earth is covered by 71 percent of the ocean. The interior of the ocean is largely inaccessible, thus only 10 percent of the ocean is explored and studied due to the diffuculty of getting to the bottom safely. Surprisinly, the marine animals display a greater diversity of body types than land animals, the diversity of species in the deep sea is high but density is low. It is all because there is no photosynthesis at a few hundred meters deep in the ocean, hence, the midwater and deep-sea communities must depend on the photosynthesizer that reside in the sunlight-filled surface waters. The deeper water it gets, the more nutrients it will have because it has not been revealed to these photosynthetic organisms that create oxygen from it. The ocean is often most oxygen depleted at intermediate depths. Phytoplankton in the ocean creates approximately half of the atmospheric oxygen that shows even the smallest organisms are still important.
C: Reaction to the article
The ocean covers 71 percent of the earth. In the deep-sea, there is not many species because the global distribution of what few nutrients there are depends largely on the temperature stratification of the ocean, especially the ocean is often most oxygen depleted at intermediate depths. I am surprised that the seawater pressure is 800 times denser than the land and more viscous that is the reason why the deep-sea species are usually small. I insist that overusing the resources only in the ocean will lead to the extinction of the species. Although, the 10 percent of marine ecosystems have only been explored and studied, there still contains largely mystery, especially the species play important roles in the environment.
The ocean covers 71 percent of the earth. In the deep-sea, there is not many species because the global distribution of what few nutrients there are depends largely on the temperature stratification of the ocean, especially the ocean is often most oxygen depleted at intermediate depths. I am surprised that the seawater pressure is 800 times denser than the land and more viscous that is the reason why the deep-sea species are usually small. I insist that overusing the resources only in the ocean will lead to the extinction of the species. Although, the 10 percent of marine ecosystems have only been explored and studied, there still contains largely mystery, especially the species play important roles in the environment.